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Josephine Wright Chapman (1867-1943) was an American architect in Boston, Massachusetts, and New York. Chapman received no formal education or encouragement from her family to pursue architecture. She is considered one of the most important female architects around the start of the 20th century. Chapman was raised in Fitchburg, Massachusetts. She would leave home and pawn jewelry and clothing to support herself. In 1892, she was able to convince Clarence Blackall to let her apprentice under him. Through Blackall she learned about public building design and how to experiment with new materials. In 1893, the firm designed the first steel-frame building, the Carter Building in Boston. Chapman would go on to set up her own firm in Boston, in Grundmann Studios, a women's art collective, in 1897.〔Boston Evening Transcript - Oct 23, 1897〕 Upon forming her firm, Chapman was commissioned by Harvard University to design their Craigie Arms dormitory. While working on that project she also designed St. Mark's Episcopal in Fitchburg, Massachusetts. By the start of the 20th century, Chapman had six drafters, including one woman, at her firm.〔 After 1901, she applied to join the American Institute of Architects and the Boston Architectural Club. Both refused to admit her. In 1907 she was accepted by the New York Society of Architects, after relocating to New York City.〔She plans fine houses. Ottawa Free Trader, April 19, 1901〕 There, she opened a firm at Washington Square Park, focusing on residential design.〔 Around 1909 she "reign() supreme as the only woman architect in the Hub."〔Some Successful Women Architects. Wilkes-Barre Times-Leader (Pennsylvania); Date: 01-20-1909〕 ==Designs== * Craigie Hall / Craigie Arms, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. (1897)〔Ottawa Free Trader, April 19, 1901〕 * All Saints Episcopal church, Attleboro, Mass. (ca.1900)〔She Builds Churches. Boston Has Developed a New Sphere of Industry for Women's Effort. Biloxi Daily Herald; Date: 06-22-1900〕 * Episcopal church, Leominster, Mass. (ca.1900)〔Biloxi Daily Herald; Date: 06-22-1900〕 * New England Building, Pan-American Exposition, Buffalo, New York, 1901〔Carpentry and Building, April 1901〕 * Worcester Woman's Club / Tuckerman Hall, Worcester, Mass. (1902) * New Century Building, Huntington Ave., Boston (ca.1903)〔Helen M. Winslow. The Boston Women's Club House. (Delineator ), 1903.〕〔Woman's Club House Corporation. Boston Evening Transcript - Oct 23, 1897〕 * Hillandale, Georgetown, Washington DC (1922) * Houses, Douglas Manor, Queens, NY (ca.1916)〔Habitats/Douglas Manor; Rustic Queens Hideaway. New York Times, August 14, 1994〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Josephine Wright Chapman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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